Advances in thin film deposition techniques during the 20th century have enabled a wide range of technological breakthroughs in areas such as magnetic recording media, electronic semiconductor devices, Integrated passive devices, LEDs, optical coatings (such as antireflective coatings), hard coatings on cutting tools, and for both energy generation (e.g. The process of silvering was once commonly used to produce mirrors, while more recently the metal layer is deposited using techniques such as sputtering. A familiar example is the household mirror, which typically has a thin metal coating on the back of a sheet of glass to form a reflective interface. The controlled synthesis of materials as thin films (a process referred to as deposition) is a fundamental step in many applications. For magnetic thin film memory, see Thin-film memory.Ī thin film is a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer ( monolayer) to several micrometers in thickness. This article is about a thin layer of material.
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